This leads to a reduced set of equations knows as the boundary layer equations.
2.
The flow velocity will then increase rapidly within the boundary layer, governed by the boundary layer equations, below.
3.
Applying this technique to the boundary layer equations gives the full turbulent boundary layer equations not often given in literature:
4.
Applying this technique to the boundary layer equations gives the full turbulent boundary layer equations not often given in literature:
5.
The deduction of the "'boundary layer equations "'was one of the most important advances in fluid dynamics ( Anderson, 2005 ).
6.
Like Prandtl did for his boundary layer equations, a new, smaller length scale must be used to allow the viscous term to become leading order in the momentum equation.
7.
For instance, in computational fluid dynamics, one technique is to couple a potential flow solution outside the boundary layer to a solution of the boundary layer equations inside the boundary layer.
8.
A commonly used model, especially in computational fluid dynamics, is to use two flow models : the Euler equations away from the body, and boundary layer equations in a region close to the body.
9.
Unlike the laminar boundary layer equations, the presence of two regimes governed by different sets of flow scales ( i . e . the inner and outer scaling ) has made finding a universal similarity solution for the turbulent boundary layer difficult and controversial.
10.
The additional term \ overline { u'v'} in the turbulent boundary layer equations is known as the Reynolds shear stress and is unknown turbulence model, which aims to express the Reynolds shear stress in terms of known flow variables or derivatives.
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